Skip to Content
Best Seller
Best Seller
Ladakh Grand Lakes Expedition – Pangong & Tso Moriri (8N/9D)
Best Seller
unsplash_72GwiojCwoI_kashmir.webp.jpg
Best Seller
unsplash_qa8VhqvJGIo_kashmir.webp.jpg.jpg.jpg
Best Seller
unsplash_XHG0uFAlEGM_kashmir.webp
Best Seller
unsplash_0ICxgY6vdCA_kashmir.webp.jpg.jpg

Ladakh Grand Lakes Expedition – Pangong & Tso Moriri (8N/9D)

(0 review)

Route: Leh – Nubra – Pangong – Tso Moriri – Leh

  9 Days

  Family, friends & couples

  Meals: Breakfast

  Slow paced

  Pickup: Leh 

  Min Age: 18+


Day Flow

  •   Day 1: Arrival in Leh – Acclimatization & Leisure

  •   Day 2: Leh Local Sightseeing – Shanti Stupa, Leh Palace & Thiksey Monastery

  •   Day 3: Leh → Nubra Valley via Khardung La – High Mountain Pass & Cold Desert

  •   Day 4:  Nubra Valley → Pangong Lake – Scenic Shyok Route & Lakeside Sunset

  •   Day 5: Pangong Lake → Tso Moriri – Journey Through the Changthang Region

  •   Day 6: Tso Moriri → Leh via Tso Kar – High-Altitude Scenic Drive

  •   Day 7: Leisure Day in Leh – Cafés, Shopping & Relaxation

  •   Day 8: Sham Valley Excursion – Monasteries, History & Himalayan Landscapes

  •   Day 9: Departure from Leh – Tour Ends

Ideal for: First-timers, couples, families

  • Hotel Category
Price per person
₹ 22,000.00 ₹ 22,000.00
   Flexible Booking Terms Available
   Transparent Pricing
  Pick-up & Drop Promised


Want to Customize?

Love this itinerary but want to change the pace, add a destination, or upgrade your stay? Our travel experts are here to craft your perfect soul-stirring journey. 
Reach out anytime!

  +91 9284557613

  sales.trippinsoul@gmail.com

Contact Us

Itinerary

Arrive at Kushok Bakula Rimpochee Airport in Leh, located at an altitude of approximately 11,500 feet above sea level. The moment you arrive, you are surrounded by the dramatic Trans-Himalayan landscape, with barren mountain slopes, clear skies and rugged peaks creating the distinctive scenery for which Ladakh is famous.

Meet your driver or tour representative at the airport and transfer to your hotel in Leh. The drive to the hotel is generally short, but the altitude makes this a very important day of the itinerary.

Hotel Check-in & Complete Rest

After reaching the hotel, complete the check-in formalities and settle into your room. The remainder of the day should primarily be dedicated to acclimatization and rest.

Leh's high altitude means that the body needs time to adjust to the reduced oxygen levels. Avoid strenuous sightseeing, running, long walks or any physically demanding activity on the first day. Stay hydrated, eat light meals and allow yourself plenty of time to rest.

If you experience symptoms such as severe headache, persistent nausea, dizziness or breathlessness, inform your hotel staff and tour representative and seek medical assistance.

Optional Evening Visit to Leh Market

If you are feeling comfortable after adequate rest, you may take a short and relaxed visit to Leh Market in the evening.

The market area is a pleasant introduction to the local culture, with shops selling Ladakhi handicrafts, woollens, prayer flags, Tibetan-style souvenirs, dry fruits, local products and traditional items. Keep the visit brief and avoid excessive walking on this first day.

Alternatively, simply relax at the hotel and enjoy the mountain views from your property.

The first day is intentionally kept easy because proper acclimatization is one of the most important aspects of a safe and enjoyable Ladakh tour.

Approx. Distance: Leh Airport → Hotel: 3–6 km

Approx. Transfer Time: 15–30 minutes

Altitude: Leh approximately 11,500 ft

Travel Advice: Complete rest and hydration are strongly recommended.

Overnight Stay: Leh

Meals: Breakfast 

Approx. Distance: 30–40 km, depending on local routing

Approx. Travel Time: 2–3 hours of driving, excluding sightseeing and breaks

After breakfast at the hotel, begin your second day in Ladakh with a light and relaxed sightseeing experience around Leh. Since you are still acclimatizing to the high altitude, the day is intentionally planned without long drives or strenuous activities. The focus is on exploring Leh’s heritage, Buddhist culture and panoramic landscapes at an easy pace, with sufficient time to rest between visits.

Morning – Visit Shanti Stupa

Begin your sightseeing with a visit to Shanti Stupa, one of Leh’s most recognizable landmarks. Located on a hilltop overlooking Leh town, the white-domed Buddhist monument offers spectacular views of the surrounding mountains, valleys and the town below. The peaceful setting makes it an ideal first stop for the day.

Take some time to admire the traditional Buddhist architecture, prayer wheels and beautifully detailed reliefs around the stupa. The elevated location also provides an excellent opportunity to appreciate how Leh is surrounded by the dramatic Himalayan landscape. Keep the visit relaxed and avoid rushing, particularly while your body continues to adjust to the altitude.

Continue to Leh Palace

From Shanti Stupa, proceed towards Leh Palace, a historic nine-storey royal residence overlooking the old town of Leh. Built in the traditional Tibetan architectural style, the palace provides an insight into the region’s royal history and cultural heritage.

Walk through the historic sections of the palace and explore its traditional interiors, prayer spaces and old chambers, while learning about the former royal family and the history of Ladakh. The palace also offers beautiful views over Leh town, making it a rewarding stop for both history enthusiasts and photography lovers.

As this is an acclimatization-focused day, take your time while exploring and include short pauses whenever required.

Afternoon – Visit Thiksey Monastery

After exploring Leh Palace, continue towards Thiksey Monastery, one of the most impressive Buddhist monasteries in the Leh region. Located approximately 19 km from Leh, the monastery is dramatically positioned on a hill and is often admired for its resemblance to the Potala Palace in Lhasa.

Thiksey is an important centre of Tibetan Buddhist culture and is known for its multi-level architecture, prayer halls, murals, religious artwork and collection of Buddhist scriptures and artefacts. One of the highlights of the monastery is the large Maitreya Buddha statue, which rises through multiple levels of the temple.

Spend some peaceful time exploring the monastery complex and observing the surrounding Himalayan scenery. The visit offers a deeper understanding of Ladakh’s spiritual traditions and gives the day a meaningful cultural dimension beyond sightseeing.

Leisure Afternoon – Relax & Acclimatize in Leh

After returning to Leh, keep the afternoon deliberately free for rest and acclimatization. You may relax at the hotel, enjoy a leisurely lunch or, if you are feeling comfortable, take a gentle walk around the nearby market area.

Avoid strenuous activities, prolonged walking or unnecessary exertion. Staying hydrated and allowing your body adequate time to adjust to Leh’s altitude is especially important during the first few days of a Ladakh trip.

The evening can be spent at leisure, enjoying the peaceful atmosphere of Leh before an early night and a comfortable rest at the hotel.

Day Highlights

  • Visit the hilltop Shanti Stupa and enjoy panoramic views of Leh.

  • Explore the historic Leh Palace and discover Ladakh’s royal heritage.

  • Visit the magnificent Thiksey Monastery and experience its Buddhist architecture and spiritual atmosphere.

  • Enjoy a relaxed afternoon dedicated to rest and acclimatization.

  • Experience Leh’s culture and heritage without undertaking a strenuous day trip.

Overnight Stay: Leh

After breakfast, check out from your Leh hotel and begin one of the most scenic drives of your Leh Ladakh tour package towards Nubra Valley.

Today's route takes you across the spectacular Khardung La Pass, followed by a descent into the contrasting landscapes of Nubra's cold desert.

Drive Towards Khardung La Pass

Leave Leh and gradually climb towards Khardung La. The landscape changes dramatically as you gain altitude, with the green surroundings of the lower valley giving way to rugged Himalayan mountains and barren high-altitude terrain.

Khardung La is one of the most famous high mountain passes associated with Ladakh and is an iconic stop on Leh–Nubra itineraries. Current travel references commonly place the Leh–Nubra journey at roughly 125–160 km, with travel times varying considerably depending on road conditions, traffic and stops.

Spend a short amount of time at the pass for photographs and to appreciate the surrounding mountain scenery. Because of the high altitude, avoid prolonged physical exertion.

Descend Towards Nubra Valley

Continue your drive downhill from Khardung La towards Nubra Valley. The scenery gradually transforms from rocky high-altitude terrain into a fascinating cold-desert landscape.

Nubra is known for its dramatic combination of mountains, river valleys, greenery and sand dunes, making it one of the most visually distinctive regions of Ladakh.

Visit Diskit Monastery

Upon reaching the Nubra region, visit Diskit Monastery, one of the area's most important Buddhist monasteries.

The monastery is dramatically positioned above the valley and provides panoramic views of the surrounding landscape. The giant Maitreya Buddha statue overlooking the valley is one of the most recognizable sights in Nubra.

Take time to explore the monastery complex, appreciate the traditional Buddhist architecture and enjoy the views of the Nubra landscape.

Hunder Sand Dunes & Double-Humped Camel Ride

Continue towards Hunder, famous for its unusual cold-desert sand dunes.

The contrast between the white sand, rugged Himalayan mountains and green vegetation along the Shyok River creates a landscape that feels remarkably different from conventional desert environments.

A highlight here is the optional double-humped Bactrian camel ride. These camels are historically associated with the old Silk Route and have become one of the signature experiences of Nubra Valley.

Enjoy the camel ride across the sand dunes and spend some time photographing the unique landscape.

Evening in Nubra

Later, proceed to your hotel, camp or resort and check in.

The evening can be spent relaxing amidst the peaceful surroundings of Nubra Valley. Depending on your accommodation and weather conditions, you may enjoy a bonfire or simply spend time appreciating the clear Himalayan night sky.

Approx. Distance: 125–160 km

Approx. Travel Time: 5–7 hours excluding extended sightseeing stops

Route: Leh → Khardung La → Khalsar → Diskit → Hunder

Altitude: Khardung La is above 17,000 ft; altitude varies considerably along the route.

Overnight Stay: Nubra Valley

Meals: Breakfast 


Wake up to the spectacular mountain scenery of Nubra Valley and enjoy breakfast at your accommodation.

Today is one of the most scenic driving days of the itinerary as you travel from Nubra Valley to Pangong Lake, generally via the Shyok route when road and local conditions permit.

Scenic Drive Through the Shyok Valley

After breakfast, check out and begin your journey towards Pangong Tso.

The route follows dramatic Himalayan landscapes, with the road winding alongside the Shyok River and through remote mountain terrain. This is a journey where the scenery itself becomes a major attraction.

The exact route may vary depending on road conditions, local permissions and seasonal accessibility. The commonly used Nubra–Pangong route is around 160 km and can take approximately 5–7 hours, although actual travel time can be longer due to road conditions and sightseeing stops.

Remote Himalayan Landscapes

As you continue towards Pangong, the landscape becomes increasingly rugged and remote. The journey offers changing views of rocky mountains, river valleys, high-altitude plateaus and small settlements.

Keep your camera ready because this section of the journey provides some of the most dramatic road-trip scenery in Ladakh.

Arrival at Pangong Lake

Reach Pangong Tso, one of the most iconic destinations on any Ladakh tour package.

Situated at a very high altitude, the lake stretches dramatically across the Himalayan landscape, with mountains rising on either side. The water can appear in different shades of blue depending on sunlight, weather and viewing angle.

After reaching your accommodation, complete check-in and take time to rest. Avoid strenuous activity because Pangong is located at a considerably higher altitude than Leh.

Pangong Sunset Experience

Later in the evening, head towards the lakeside for a peaceful sunset experience.

As the sun begins to descend behind the mountains, the colours of the lake and surrounding landscape gradually change. The combination of the blue lake, barren mountains and changing evening light creates one of the most memorable photographic moments of a Leh Ladakh holiday.

Spend the evening enjoying the peaceful surroundings before returning to your camp or cottage.

Approx. Distance: 160 km

Approx. Travel Time: 5–7 hours, subject to road conditions and route accessibility

Route: Nubra → Shyok/Agham region → Durbuk → Tangtse → Pangong

Travel Note: The Shyok route is subject to seasonal and local road conditions. An alternate routing may be required when the direct route is not operational.

Overnight Stay: Pangong Lake – Camp / Cottage / Resort

Meals: Breakfast 

Route: Pangong Lake → Remote Changthang Plateau → Tso Moriri

Approx. Distance: 200–250 km, depending on the approved route and starting point

Approx. Travel Time: 8–10 hours, excluding breaks and subject to road conditions

Overnight Stay: Tso Moriri

Begin the day early with breakfast at your accommodation near Pangong Lake before setting out towards Tso Moriri, one of the most beautiful and remote high-altitude lakes in Ladakh. Today's journey takes you deep into the Changthang region, an expansive plateau known for its stark landscapes, nomadic communities, high-altitude lakes and dramatic Himalayan scenery.

Unlike the more frequently travelled routes around Leh and Nubra, the journey towards Tso Moriri takes you through a much more isolated part of Ladakh. The long drive is an experience in itself, with enormous open valleys, barren mountains and stretches of untouched wilderness accompanying you for much of the route.

Morning – Drive Through the Changthang Plateau

After breakfast, begin the scenic drive through remote high-altitude terrain. As the road progresses away from Pangong, the landscape gradually opens into vast plateau country, with rugged mountain ranges surrounding broad valleys and plains.

The Changthang Plateau is one of the most distinctive landscapes in Ladakh. Its enormous open spaces, sparse vegetation and dramatic mountain formations create a sense of isolation that is very different from the more populated areas around Leh.

Keep your camera ready for panoramic views and changing colours across the mountains. Depending on the season, you may encounter patches of green grazing land, streams, snow-covered peaks and herds of livestock belonging to local nomadic communities.

Possible Encounter with Changpa Nomadic Communities

The Changthang region is traditionally associated with the Changpa nomadic pastoral communities, who have adapted to life in one of the world's most challenging high-altitude environments.

Along the route, there may be opportunities to see grazing animals such as yaks, sheep and goats, and occasionally traditional nomadic camps. Any interaction should be respectful and should take place only with permission. Photography of local people should always be done sensitively and with consent.

The presence of wildlife, livestock or nomadic camps cannot be guaranteed, as sightings depend entirely on season, route and local movement patterns.

Arrival at Tso Moriri

Continue towards Tso Moriri, a spectacular high-altitude lake surrounded by the mountains of the Changthang region. As you approach the lake, the landscape gradually reveals the brilliant blue waters against a backdrop of rugged Himalayan peaks.

Upon arrival, check in to your camp, homestay or guesthouse near the lake and take some time to rest after the long journey.

Evening – Peaceful Sunset by Tso Moriri

If weather and local access conditions permit, spend the evening enjoying the peaceful surroundings of Tso Moriri. The lake becomes particularly atmospheric as the sunlight begins to soften and the surrounding mountains reflect different shades across the water.

Take a relaxed walk near the permitted areas around the accommodation, enjoy the changing colours of the landscape and simply experience the silence of this remote Himalayan destination.

The absence of city lights also makes the area particularly beautiful after sunset, although temperatures can drop considerably once darkness arrives.

Overnight Stay: Tso Moriri – Camp/Homestay

Important Travel Note: The Pangong–Tso Moriri journey is a remote high-altitude route and may be affected by road conditions, weather, permits and local security restrictions. The exact route and travel time can vary significantly. Accommodation around Tso Moriri is generally basic compared with Leh, with camps, homestays and guesthouses being the primary options.

Route: Tso Moriri → Korzok → Tso Kar → Leh

Approx. Distance: 220–250 km, depending on the route

Approx. Travel Time: 8–10 hours, excluding sightseeing and breaks

Overnight Stay: Leh

Wake up to the spectacular mountain scenery surrounding Tso Moriri and enjoy breakfast at your accommodation. Before beginning the return journey to Leh, spend some quiet time appreciating the lake and the remote Changthang landscape.

Today's journey combines cultural sightseeing with another spectacular high-altitude drive, including a visit to Korzok Monastery and a stop at Tso Kar, another remarkable lake of the Ladakh region.

Morning – Visit Korzok Monastery

Begin the day with a visit to Korzok Monastery, located near the village of Korzok on the western shore of Tso Moriri.

The monastery is an important spiritual centre for the local community and provides a glimpse into the Buddhist traditions that continue to shape life in this remote region. Its simple architecture and peaceful surroundings complement the stark beauty of the Changthang landscape.

Take some time to explore the monastery respectfully and appreciate the views of Tso Moriri and the surrounding mountains before continuing your journey.

Scenic Drive Towards Tso Kar

After visiting Korzok, continue towards Tso Kar, another high-altitude lake located in the Rupshu/Changthang region.

The route offers spectacular views of barren mountains, open plateaus and expansive grazing grounds. The scenery is particularly dramatic because of the contrast between the almost desert-like mountain terrain and the pockets of vegetation and water found around the high-altitude lakes.

Stop at Tso Kar Lake

Tso Kar is known for its striking white salt deposits around the shoreline, earning it a distinctive appearance compared with the deep blue waters of Pangong and Tso Moriri.

Take a short break near the permitted viewing areas to admire the landscape and capture photographs. The surrounding wetlands and open plains are also associated with several high-altitude bird species, although wildlife sightings are naturally seasonal and cannot be guaranteed.

Continue the Journey Towards Leh

After exploring the Tso Kar region, continue your drive towards Leh. The landscape gradually changes as you leave the remote Changthang plateau and travel towards the more populated areas of Ladakh.

This is a long driving day, so regular breaks are recommended. Road conditions can vary considerably, and actual arrival time in Leh depends on weather, road surface, checkpoints and traffic.

Arrival & Check-in at Leh

On arrival in Leh, check in to your hotel and enjoy a well-earned rest. After spending the previous two days in remote high-altitude areas, the return to Leh provides an opportunity to enjoy greater comfort and facilities.

Keep the evening relaxed and avoid planning strenuous activities. Enjoy dinner at the hotel or at a nearby restaurant before getting a good night's sleep.

Overnight Stay: Leh

Route: Leisure day in Leh

Approx. Travel Time: Minimal local travel

Overnight Stay: Leh

After several days of exploring remote valleys and high-altitude landscapes, enjoy a completely relaxed day in Leh. Wake up without an early departure and have a leisurely breakfast at the hotel.

Today is intentionally kept flexible so that you can enjoy Leh at your own pace, revisit a favourite area or simply relax before your departure the following day.

Café Hopping & Slow Morning

Spend the morning exploring some of Leh's cafés and local eateries. Leh has a lively café culture, with several establishments offering a mixture of Ladakhi, Tibetan, Indian and international cuisine.

Enjoy a relaxed cup of coffee or tea while taking in views of the surrounding mountains and old-town streets. This slower pace allows you to experience a different side of Leh beyond its monasteries and sightseeing attractions.

Afternoon – Explore Leh Market

Later, head towards Leh Market for some relaxed shopping. The market area is ideal for picking up souvenirs and locally inspired products to remember your Ladakh journey.

Depending on your interests, you can browse through traditional handicrafts, woollen products, prayer flags, locally made items, jewellery and other travel souvenirs. You can also explore the surrounding lanes and enjoy the atmosphere of central Leh.

Take your time while shopping rather than treating the market as a quick stop. The afternoon is designed to be flexible and unhurried.

Optional Spa & Relaxation

If you prefer a quieter day, consider spending the afternoon at your hotel or enjoying an optional spa or wellness session, where available.

You can also simply relax in your room, read, enjoy the mountain views or organise your belongings for the next day's departure.

Final Evening in Leh

Spend your final evening in Ladakh at leisure. Enjoy a relaxed dinner and take some time to reflect on the landscapes, monasteries, remote villages and high-altitude experiences from the journey.

Overnight Stay: Leh

Route: Leh → Hall of Fame → Magnetic Hill → Gurudwara Pathar Sahib → Indus–Zanskar Confluence → Leh

Approx. Distance: 120–140 km round trip

Approx. Travel Time: 4–6 hours of driving, excluding sightseeing

Overnight Stay: Leh

After breakfast, set out on a scenic excursion through the Sham Valley, one of the most accessible and rewarding regions around Leh. Today's route combines history, local culture, unusual natural landscapes and spectacular views of the Indus Valley.

Hall of Fame

Begin with a visit to the Hall of Fame, a museum and memorial dedicated to the Indian Armed Forces. The complex provides insight into the military history of Ladakh, the challenges of operating in high-altitude terrain and the region's strategic importance.

Explore the exhibits, photographs and displays before continuing towards the next stop.

Magnetic Hill

Continue to Magnetic Hill, one of the most popular roadside attractions in Ladakh. The site is famous for an optical illusion that can make vehicles appear to roll uphill when placed at a particular point on the road.

Take a short break to experience the phenomenon and enjoy the surrounding mountain scenery. While the location is popularly associated with magnetic forces, the apparent uphill movement is generally explained as a visual and gravitational illusion created by the surrounding landscape.

Gurudwara Pathar Sahib

Next, visit Gurudwara Pathar Sahib, an important Sikh place of worship located along the Leh–Srinagar Highway.

The peaceful gurudwara is associated with the visit of Guru Nanak Dev Ji to the region and is maintained with great respect by the local community and visitors. Spend some quiet time at the complex and, if appropriate, experience the serene atmosphere of this important spiritual site.

Visitors should follow the gurudwara's guidelines regarding footwear, head covering, photography and respectful conduct.

Indus–Zanskar Confluence

Continue towards one of the most visually striking points on the Sham Valley route — the confluence of the Indus and Zanskar Rivers.

From the viewpoint, you can see the two rivers coming together, often displaying contrasting shades depending on the season, water levels and sunlight. The surrounding mountains create a dramatic backdrop and make this an excellent location for photography.

Spend some time enjoying the scenery before beginning the return journey to Leh.

Return to Leh

After completing the Sham Valley excursion, drive back to Leh. The journey offers another opportunity to appreciate the Indus Valley landscape and surrounding mountains.

Upon arrival, the remainder of the evening can be spent at leisure. Enjoy your final night in Leh with a relaxed dinner and time to prepare for your departure the following day.

Overnight Stay: Leh

Enjoy breakfast at your hotel and complete the check-out formalities.

Depending on your flight departure time, your driver will transfer you to Leh Airport.

As you leave Ladakh, you carry memories of high mountain passes, ancient monasteries, dramatic Himalayan landscapes, Nubra's cold desert, the unique Bactrian camel experience and the unforgettable blue waters of Pangong Lake.

Your Leh Ladakh tour package concludes with your departure from Leh.

Departure Transfer

Approx. Hotel → Leh Airport: 3–6 km

Approx. Transfer Time: 15–30 minutes

Meals: Breakfast

Craft Your Soul Journey

No two travelers are alike. Tell us exactly what you’re looking for—from extra luxury to off-the-beaten-path adventures—and we'll build a custom itinerary around your needs.

Hotel list
Leh
Nubra
Pangong
Tso Moriri

Deluxe

Hotel Amanthi Ladakh / Hotel El Castello / Casa Galwan / similar

Hunder Resort / The Hill Crest Hotel / Summer Retreat / Summer Retreat Hunder / similar

Misty Hills Cabins, Pangong / De Reeva Resort – Pangong Lake / Nirvana Resort / similar

Tsomoriri Hotel Lake View / Tsomoriri Camp & Resort / Nomadic Life Camp / similar

Super deluxe 

The Bodhi Tree Ladakh / Hotel Grand Himalaya / Hotel Shangrila Ladakh / similar

Nubra Ecolodge / The Dunes Boutique Hotel / White Sands Resort / similar

Pangong Heritage Cottage /Pangong Sarai / Pangong Vista Resort/ similar

Tsomoriri Camp & Resort / Nomadic Life Camp – Premium Tents / The Norling Camp – Tso Moriri Lake / similar

Premium

The Grand Dragon Ladakh / Chospa Hotel / The Indus Valley – Downtown Leh/ similar

Stonehedge Ladakh / Hotel Rimo / Ladakh Sarai Resort / similar

Changpa by Nomadic Lodge / Desert Blue Pangong / Pangong Heights Cottages / similar

Tsomoriri Camp & Resort – Premium/Deluxe Tent / Nomadic Life Camp – Premium Tent / The Norling Camp – Premium Camp / similar

Inclusions:

  • ✔ Accommodation (Leh hotels + Nubra stay + Pangong camp + Tso Moriri camp/homestay)
  • ✔ Daily breakfast & dinner
  • ✔ All transfers & sightseeing by private SUV
  • ✔ Airport pickup & drop
  • ✔ Inner Line Permits (including Tso Moriri region)
  • ✔ Toll, parking, driver allowance

Exclusions:

  • ✘ Airfare
  • ✘ Lunch
  • ✘ Entry tickets to monasteries/attractions
  • ✘ Camel ride charges
  • ✘ Personal expenses
  • ✘ Travel insurance
  • ✘ Anything not mentioned in inclusions